Radio Wave Propagation
• Propagation models have been developed to be able to
estimate the radio wave propagation as accurately
• as possible.
• Models have been created for different environments to
predict the path loss between the transmitter and
receiver.
• How much power needs to be transmitted using the
BTS?
• The complexity of the model affects the applicability as
well as the accuracy.
• Two well-known models are:
– Okumura–Hata
– Walfish–Ikegami.
Basic Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
• When the signal has been transmitted in the free space towards the receiver antenna,
the power density S at the distance from the transmitter d can be written as:
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